Friedrich Froebel and Marie Clay Essay -- essays papers

Friedrich Froebel and Marie Clay Friedrich August Wilhelm Froebel was conceived in Oberweissback, Germany in April 21, 1782 (Ransbury, 1995). He was the 6th offspring of a Lutheran Minister, however lost his mom before his first birthday celebration. As a little youngster, he played and investigated in the nurseries encompassing his home more often than not. His profound love of nature would later impact his instructive way of thinking. He didn't get taught until age eleven. At the point when he was fifteen years of age, he was apprenticed to a Forester. He at that point learned at the University of Jena. He acknowledged a training position at the Frankfurt Model School in Yverdon, Switzerland. This school depended on the lessons of Johann Heirnrich Pestalozzi. Froebel grasped Pestalozzi’s reasoning that kids should be dynamic students. He left the school to be a private guide where the children’s guardians offered him a little fix of the property to use as a nursery. The learning encounters that the k ids had there caused Froebel to understand that â€Å"action and direct perception were the most ideal approaches to educate† (â€Å"Friedrich Froebel,† 2000). Froebel proceeded with his instruction at the Universities of Berlin and Gottingen. In 1813 he served in the Prussian Army against Napoleon. His creation of Gifts may have been molded while he was a right hand in the Mineralogical Museum in Berlin. His first book, The Education of Man, was distributed in 1826. In 1837, at the age of fifty-five, Froebel established his own school in Blankenburg. It was called â€Å"Kindergarten,† a nursery of youngsters. This would be a spot to develop a child’s improvement and socialization on the grounds that preceding Froebel’s Kindergarten youngsters younger than seven didn't go to class (Sadker and Sadker, 2000). Individuals accepted that small kids didn't be able to center or to create intellectual and passionate abilities, yet Froebel expressed, â€Å"because learning starts when cognizance ejects, training must also† (â€Å"Friedrich Froebel†, 2000). Kindergarten goes about as an extension between home play and school life. Froebel developed Pestalozzi’s reasoning that school ought to be a sincerely secure condition. He said the educator should go about as a good and social model for youngsters, a model deserving of copying. Before this time instructors were viewed as a taskmaster. The early years in training are the most basic for framing an establishment ... ... (1998). By Different Paths to Common Outcomes. York, Maine: Stenhouse Publishers. Corbett, B. Friedrich Froebel. Recovered October 17, 2001, from http://www.froebel.com/Philosophy/About%20Froebels.htm Gaffney, J., and Askew, B. (Eds.). (1999). Blending the Waters: The Influence of Marie Clay. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Jalongo, M. and Isenberg, J. (2000). Investigating Your Role: A Practitioner’s Prologue to Early Childhood Education. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill. Ransbury, M. (1995). Friedrich Froebel. In M. A. Johnson and G. F. Roberson. (Eds.), A Century of Early Childhood (pp. 15-17). Needham Heights, MA: Simon and Schuster Custom Pub. Sadker, M. and Sadker, D. (2000). Educators, Schools, and Society. Burr Ridge, IL: McGraw Hill. (Unique Work Published in 1988). Thomas, R. (1992). Understanding Recovery. Recovered October 17, 2001, from http://www.ed.gov/bars/OR/ConsumerGuides/readrec.html Woodill, G. (1995). The European Roots of Early Childhood Education in North America. In M. A. Johnson and G. F. Roberson. (Eds.), A Century of Early Youth (pp.4-11). Needham Heights, MA: Simon and Schuster Custom Pub.

The Term Media Convergence Media Essay

The Term Media Convergence Media Essay What is implied by the term media assembly with respect to innovation, and how has it influenced regular day to day existence? Media assembly brings advances, for example, a processing, and correspondence, together, which is significant in organizations today. This compass, makes the regular day to day existences of people simpler since they currently have a lot simpler access to data on the things or items that they need and need. The consolidating of these various advances, permits a more drawn out increasingly natural reach of organizations among its business sectors. Some industry heads consider media to be as denoting the relinquishing the old media of print and broadcasting. At that point the ascent of the new media; this is the thing that causes the world to go around, presently and days. We rely upon approach to much innovation in todays society; that on the off chance that one significant thing broke, we would most likely be harming. Media intermingling has influenced regular day to day existence by making news simpler to get to. Rather than expecting to sit in front of the TV or read a magazine to gain proficiency with the days occasions, you would now be able to go to the TV stations site and get features continuously. Media intermingling isn't only a move or a procedure; it additionally incorporates moves inside the mechanical and social perspectives, which urge the buyer to search out data. Assembly is the means by which singular purchasers collaborate with one another on a level and utilize various media stages to make new and better encounters, new types of media that interface us socially, and to different customers, however to the have more makers of media in manners that have not been as available previously. What is implied by the term media combination with respect to business, and how has it influenced regular daily existence? Media intermingling implies that the lines are getting obscured between the customary types of media and they are practically getting one. 10 years back, there were clear contrasts between various print media, TV, the web all in all. Presently take a gander at things: News papers and TV have sites. Those sites convey news in practically continuous complete with moving video and channels organized for advanced mobile phones. Motion pictures are presently accessible spilling on the web TV shows are currently accessible gushing on the web. Watchers can take an interest in TV appears continuously by means of online networking. Things are for the most part joining into one major broad communications. The power of the devices influences your center, and it would let you rest tight. The media intermingling is something that the providers should offer modest and not costly to cheat people in general. Quicker speed would not give you quicker conveyance to your customers. Long calls are not ca reful, remain tuned the entire day to the TV, wont give you better connections, rather, you will get large, languid and brimming with obligations , purchasing all the stuff of the publicizing. These are only a few different ways that media combination could influence in todays society. I am certain there are different methods of clarifying this, yet I think that its a hard inquiry to answer right around; considering being in a plan of action condition; is something I presently can't seem to be in, up until now. What are a portion of the issues that outcome from reliance on present day media? Depict in any event three issues. Significant level of errors is by all accounts a significant issue in the media today. This is the place we get adulterated data; and we will in general handle a hold to that data as though it were reality. As indicated by different various examinations, an enormous level of the open discover mistake in the reports of their day by day reports. This happens more than once in seven days, while more observe spelling botches, more regularly than expected. Additionally another enormous level of people, have found to get wearier of their nearby news and news papers. Poor inclusion of significant issues is another factor that assumes a job in how media is influencing us contrarily on the planet. Our fundamental center ought to be the earth, economy, the administration, instruction, and so on. Be that as it may, the media will in general wanderer away from a great deal of the positive qualities in this and simply report the terrible. I am speculating the terrible is what is useful for evalua tions? It appears that the significant news and magazines have declined, while amusement and entertainers/on-screen characters have multiplied. The media will in general have a limited capacity to focus also. Appears to be presently and days, in our general public, the news media are progressively centered around news that isnt as imperative to their watchers. What's more, they appear to disregard significant issues for an extensive stretch of time, and afterward they at long last notification. When they notice they attempt to get an answer for resolve the issue, and it isn't handily fixed, and indeed it gets disregarded. How does media proficiency help with dependable media utilization? Media Literacy A definition and system for media education originates from Wikipedia. Amazing Voices for Kids Summer Media Literacy Program Media proficiency is the way toward getting to, dissecting, assessing and making messages in a wide assortment of structures. It utilizes a request based instructional model that urges individuals to pose inquiries about what they watch, see and read. Media proficiency training is one methods for creating media education. It gives devices to help individuals fundamentally dissect messages to identify promulgation, oversight, and inclination in news and open issues programming (and the purposes behind such), and to see how basic highlights, for example, media possession, or its financing model influence the data introduced. Media education plans to empower individuals to be capable makers and makers of media messages, both to encourage an understanding regarding the qualities and impediments of every medium, just as to make free media. Media educa tion is an extended conceptualization of proficiency. By changing the procedure of media utilization into a functioning and basic procedure, individuals increase more noteworthy consciousness of the potential for deception and control (particularly through ads and advertising strategies), and comprehend the job of broad communications and participatory media in developing perspectives on the real world. Media proficiency teachers endeavor to address a harmony among insurance and strengthening. Protectionist ways to deal with media education underline the should know about the negative parts of broad communications and mainstream society, including the threats and dangers of online web based life. Strengthening approaches stress building media mindfulness, advancing basic investigation of media writings, apparatuses and advancements, and utilizing picture, language, sound and computerized media for self-articulation, correspondence and social promotion. Media proficiency teachers hav e neither idealistic nor tragic perspectives about the capability of advanced and internet based life to change K-12 instruction. They stress the both benefit of examining media writings, instruments and advancements and the act of making utilizing mixed media structures, classes and advances.

What Qualities Make a Good Networker

What Qualities Make a Good Networker © Shutterstock.com | mayrumIn this article, we describe and discuss 1) the definition of networking; 2) the common traits of a good networker; 3) networking tips for entrepreneur; 4) importance of networking for entrepreneurs; and 5) examples of entrepreneurial networking.THE DEFINITION OF NETWORKINGNetworking is defined as, “Developing and using contacts made in business for purposes beyond the reason for the initial contact.” Business Networking is referred to as a low-cost technique of marketing used to develop new contacts in the business world through associating with other individuals who share similar ideas. Business Networking usually involves a face to face meetings at any time and any place. Mostly, it is done during community or business events. These kinds of events are organized by business organizations or groups, held at a national or local level. The events generally are planned along with a business activity such as business conferences. Participants take the op portunity to interact with each other and share business ideas and express their intent to develop business associations with due attention to the benefits of each member to be involved. Most of these meetings are held once in a month, sometimes these might take place more frequently.With the advent of the Internet, business relations are developed over the virtual platforms by utilizing the services of online sites that are free and incur a bare minimum cost. A Virtual Business Networking site provides the benefits of connecting with members all around the world.The various kinds of business network include:Casual Contact Networking: The goal of this kind of networking is to establish connections with like-minded individuals in a non-business and casual atmosphere.Strong Contact Networking: This kind of networking involves people who want to promote their busing among other participants. Examples include Business Networking International (BNI), Chamber Lead, and PowerCore groups to name a few. The goal is to establish trusting relationships that will enhance the business prospects.Community Service: Participation in the local community activities increases the visibility of a business entrepreneur.Professional Associations: The objective is to establish strategic alliances with the participants from your industry. Participating in l associations that are specifically developed for your target market is an excellent to connect with the potential prospects.Social Groups: This network establishes the healthy exchange of information related to performance, compliance and risk. It helps unravel the opportunities for increasing your business.Vertical Focused Consortium: The objective of this kind of networking is to encourage retailers, suppliers and vendors participate from a specific industry.THE COMMON TRAITS OF A GOOD NETWORKEREnthusiasm: As a better Networker, you should enter a room confidently and repeat to yourself that you have similar rights to be present there as others. Help clients with a sense of passion and enthusiasm when explaining the product or service and be proud of the company you represent. You should be ready to accept challenges and help others develop an interest in the workplace.Ask interesting questions: You should be aware of the present situation and ask the right questions in an appropriate manner. This gesture will attract the best responses and people will be interested in investing in your business.In an attempt to develop good Networking skills, you must learn the art of asking intelligent and interesting questions. You must not follow the stereotype. The innovative way of asking questions, maybe: Who will be attending the event? Could you please tell me about the event’s format? Why have you invited me and what am I expected to do at the event?Express generosity: A good Networker should be generous and practice the art of giving. A business leader should not think about the rewards only. The thoughts such as ‘What’s in it for me’ should be replaced with the thought of ‘What’s in it for you?’. Networking refers to the establishment of relationships with other individuals. It is not possible if people dislike you. So, it is necessary to build a cordial relationship with other members of the network.Reliability and trustworthiness: A good Networker should be able to build a sense of reliability and trust among others. This involves the timely delivery of assignments as well as abiding by what you say. For Instance, if you have booked an appointment for a particular time, ensure that you reach the venue on time. In case of an emergency, if you need to cancel the appointment inform the person accordingly.As a good Networker, you must persist in case you happen to observe an opportunity. You must face every situation with a positive attitude and grab any opportunity that comes your way.Good networking requires a business leader to acquire the skill of active listening. You mus t pay full attention and listen carefully to what is being said. This might enhance your business. Expressing genuine interest in other’s opinions attracts more investors.A good Networker should maintain a balance and get the timing right. You should know when to talk about an issue; right time to listen to a topic; when to enter or exit a group; right time to implement a follow-up action or create intervals among all these tasks judiciously.NETWORKING TIPS FOR ENTREPRENEURSAs it was defined by Carl Schurz: “Ideals are like stars: You will not succeed in touching them with your hands, but like the seafaring man on the desert of waters, you choose them as your guides, and following them, you reach your destiny.” Here are 20 tips for entreprneurs on how you can develop and improve your networking skills:Focus on how you can help others. The first step of networking is considered to have a friendly and helpful attitude. You should attempt to establish a business relationship with an individual, that means you should think how your association can benefit the other person, not just thinking how he can help you. Talk to someone with a perception of how the other person will benefit from sharing an association with you.Follow-up is a crucial technique to develop a good network. After the first meeting, you must send a small note or an email to the concerned person. This gesture develops confidence in the other individual that you want to continue the desired relationship. To have a fruitful follow-up process, you must mention the details of the previous interaction and try to create a reference point in relation to something you found interesting in that particular conversation. In case you do not find any reference point, you can recommend a book you feel the person may enjoy or share your views about an interesting mobile application that you have used. The main objective is to strike a healthy conversation and build a sense of mutual confidence.Maintain and cultivate your current contact. Networking begins with the list of people you are currently in contact. It does not mean that you need to associate yourself with new people always. Develop strong rapport with ones whom you know and invest your potential to strengthen those relationships.Even if you feel that you don’t require a network, you must understand that establishing a network is essential in the current business world. You do not know how the association might help you at some time. It is an unpopular practice of asking help from someone with whom you have not maintained any form of contact for several years. This action will only exhibit your selfish attitude. So, it is better to maintain a healthy relationship.The art of networking should be viewed in the form of a puzzle. You must approach the puzzle with a thought process such as what are the needs of the other members of the network and how will you channelize your resources in order to help him/her?You should mainta in a proper record of the business cards that you collect in the course of practicing business. You should give your business card after completing a professional conversation before asking the other person to give his business card.Networking helps you associate with the contacts of other members too. If are a member of a good networking group, the other members will introduce you to their friends. As a result the prospects for your business will increase. Keep this thing in mind with an intention to help others as they can also help you at some point in time.You should tell people in your network about your goals and expectations of the business world. This will give others an opportunity to realize how they may help you achieve your business goals.You should ask questions apart from the basic ones such as, “What do you do?” When you get an opportunity to interact with a member of the business network, you can begin the conversation by knowing him/her on the personal front, ra ther than the professional one. You can explore the common interests you share or the other person’s hobbies and many other such facts.You should prepare a calendar on a monthly basis. The calendar should include the meetings with the list of people on your network on a rotational basis. In this way, you can classify the contacts list and associate with the people accordingly.You should make it a habit of congratulating people on special occasions such as birthday or anniversary. It will be more meaningful to him/her that you remembered to wish the concerned person for a special moment in his/her life.You should specify each point of your business target with absolute clarity. Detailed information should be given related to leads, deadlines, sales leads. Specific people should be aware of the concerned specific objectives.Behave with proper manners and etiquettes. You don’t wish to embarrass or insult people by elbowing while rushing to complete your targets. Once you are amidst a conversation with another individual, listen carefully and express interest in what they are saying. You must keep yourself engaged and participate in the conversation as and when it is required.Share your knowledge with others without any expectations of what you may get.Professional networking websites such as LinkedIn are a good resource for practicing and developing a healthy network. Through these sites, you can develop new connections and even ask the people to recommend your work to other business professionals in the specific industry.You must participate in social events or networking events like charity run, CSR initiatives, and many others. These events serve as a good place to meet new people who share similar thoughts and ideas. It is obvious everyone has some apprehension. You must take the first step and initiate a new beginning.As a business leader, you must think that why should other people express interest in your business. You must learn to highlight the impor tant aspects of your business to other business leaders and communicate effectively about how associating with them can help you enhance your business.When you attend a networking event, prepare yourself with the general information. Conduct a little background check on the participants, who are also attending the event.People like to talk about their achievements. You should listen rather than talk as while talking you are not able to learn any feature of the other individual’s profile or business.Identify a mentor for yourself among the crowd gathered at a corporate event.IMPORTANCE OF NETWORKING FOR ENTREPRENEURSShared valuable business advice knowledgeNetworking is an excellent platform for sharing your knowledge and ideas. Whether it refers to taking feedback or discuss your viewpoint, it will help increase your knowledge and make you capable of viewing things from a different perspective. It is possible that those members who have already reached your success level are pres ent in the group. This provides a platform for you to learn and take preventive measures for the common drawbacks or pitfalls they have experienced.Discover business opportunitiesA good network offers ample opportunities to a business leader. It is natural you don’t know everything in business. The things that you are less knowledgeable about can be learned using the material from other business leaders. Referrals, business partnerships, or client request for your services might be the result of a good network.Grow your businessIt is essential to a business leader to maintain his visibility in the market. Networking helps in creating and maintaining a stable visibility. By participating in the networking events on a regular basis, you are recognized by many people. This helps in establishing the reputation of an intelligent, supportive and reliable person. People will start giving tips that can prove beneficial for your business. You will be in a position to attract more referrals and leads in the industry.Getting introductions to investorsYou should always remember that you not only gain exposure to various people present in the event, but you are establishing connections with their group of networks too. If someone finds a person in their network, who can benefit from your business and if you have impressed the person, then you win yourself an investor. It is not a one-way traffic. If someone helps you find an investor, you should also try to help him at some other given opportunity. You should not hesitate to give your details to the concerned person.EXAMPLES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL NETWORKINGReid Hoffman, the co-founder of the widely popular social networking site LinkedIn, states, Relatively few people should start companies, According to one of his interviews he mentions, Its everyone approaching their lives with questions like: How do I invest in myself? How do I become more capable at what Im doing? A crucial asset according to Hoffman is the professional network. He believes I think the really key thing is to realize that relationships are like alliances.” Hoffman says that networkers who are effective in the present times behave in a different manner compared to their contemporaries 20 to 30 years back. According to him, people nowadays ask,” How do you see the industry changing? What do you think is happening? How do you do your job effectively? Is there anything I should learn from that in terms of how do I do my job effectively?Heidi Roizen, popular as a legendary networker in Silicon Valley, is one of the few people sharing good friendship with Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. According to her, “It is important to remember that everyone is a person first of all â€" they have families, hobbies, they are psyched when someone knows about their accomplishments. So I stay up on the personal accomplishment news (in my industry, for example, by reading venture wire so I know who has done what deals, who has gotten funded, who has joi ned what board, who has gotten some recognition from some industry group etc.) and also always ask people about their kids, almost no one doesn’t like to talk about their kids! Those are good icebreakers to get them comfortable and conversational. This said, you can use these as icebreakers, but then quickly move into the ‘hey, I don’t want to take much of your time, but there is someone I think you should meet,” or “I’m working on a deal and I’d love to have you look at their website and tell me what you think’ â€" i.e. a short and to the point, direct request, which I usually try to qualify with something that explains why I think it is useful to that person to do as well.”

The Issue Of Teen Pregnancy - 1722 Words

Introduction: Today woman has made great strides toward establishing her equality and worth in the eyes of her male counterpart. But although she may have broken many barriers and achieved great accomplishments, there are still some deep rooted issues which continue to affect her in a most insidious manner. One of the issues that women face in the United States is teen pregnancy which is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. The rates are still higher than they were only a decade ago. Becoming a parent permanently and profoundly alters a teenager s life. Most of the girls forget about their dreams of happy marriage, and become mothers at very early age. College is almost always out of the question, graduating High School becomes a goal most teenage moms don t achieve. Young girls having babies isn t new, as a matter of fact, teenage parenthood was higher in the 1950 then it is today, but things were different. Most of the girls were eighteen or nineteen and many of them already mar ried. Only a few of single mothers actually kept their babies. Today many mothers are fifteen or sixteen years old. Some are even as young as twelve. Fathers contribute little or nothing to the care of the baby; therefore it s even harder for the mother. All of a sudden the girl is thrown into the world of responsibilities and duties, where the baby s needs come before her own. She is expected to balance her school or a job with the full time task of raising a baby. Her worldShow MoreRelatedThe Issue of Teen Pregnancy1458 Words   |  6 PagesTeen pregnancy The issue of teen pregnancy is a fact that can no longer be overlooked in terms of its magnitude in the society today. Despite the widespread sex education and peer counseling and guidance, there still is a wide prevalence of teen pregnancy, a challenge that does not only affect the teenagers but the society at large. Effects of teen pregnancy The aspect of teen pregnancy is one of the most challenging situations to be in as a young person as it could interrupt flow of schoolRead MoreThe Issue Of Teen Pregnancy Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagesled to fewer teen births. It is thought to be that when teens tune into the show, they learn to practice safer sex. â€Å"16 and Pregnant† was named one of the best ways to campaign about the issue of teen pregnancy. The show was a way to attack the issue of teen pregnancy head on. Comparing to all fully developed countries, the U.S, has the highest rates of teen pregnancy. This was seen as a major problem to many that was aware of the problem. Even though the number of teen pregnancies was high, thereRead MoreThe Issue Of Teen Pregnancy1082 Words   |  5 Pagesfifteen. Statistics say that seven out of ten girls that get pregnant while still in high school will drop out. Seventy percent of girls will drop out of school. In 2013, 273,105 babies were born to girls aged 15-19. That’s a terrifying number, but teen pregnancy rates are lower than ever before. Being part of the thirty percent that made it through high school, I will say one thing: the reason I made it through all four years (that’s right, there was never a moment of my high school career in which IRead MoreThe Issue Of Teen Pregnancy1391 Words   |  6 Pagesyear. At least sixty percent of pregnancies result in births, thirty percent are abortions, and fifteen percent are miscarriages. About twenty-five percent of teen moms have another child within twenty four months of their first kid. Teen pregnancy is a problem in many parts of the world. But the United States has the highest teen pregnancy rate among any other country. Only about fifty percent of teen moms actually gr aduate high school, and less than two percent of teen moms earn a college degree byRead MoreThe Issue Of Teen Pregnancy1739 Words   |  7 Pagesbaby. In developed countries like the United States of America, Great Britain, Canada, France and Sweden all deal with teenage pregnancies. The only difference between these countries is the percentage of teen pregnancy each country has. Each country has similar methods of birth control, and the only difference is the rate between all five developed countries. Teen pregnancy is a major concern in today’s society; there are many limiting reasons that do not allow people to access contraceptives, andRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : A Social Issue1371 Words   |  6 PagesTeen pregnancy is a very controversial social issue and the vast majority of Americans consider the outrageous rate of teen pregnancies a severe issue, certainly a problematic occurrence that is believed to be a moral decline in our country. Teenagers are physiologically ca pable of reproducing but not emotionally or financially prepared to be parents at such a tender age. Through various research studies a plethora of determinants has pin pointed teens unprecedented pregnancies. One cause of thisRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Is A Serious Issue982 Words   |  4 PagesThe social issue I will be addressing throughout my paper is teen pregnancy. The term teen pregnancy is referring to teens between the ages of 13-19 who become pregnant (Akella Jordan, 2015). Despite the fact that teen pregnancy rates have dropped within the past twenty years, United States continues to have the highest rates of teen pregnancy in comparison to all other developed nations ( Akella Jordan, 2015). Teen pregnancy is a serious issue for a multiplicity of reasons. A teenager who hasRead MoreControlling the Issue of Teen Pregnancy635 Words   |  3 PagesTeen pregnancy is a problem that is plaguing the U.S., as well as other countries. This social problem affects teens of ever y ethnic and economic background. Before we discuss what some organizations are doing to help, let’s look at some of statistics surrounding teen pregnancy. Even though this is a serious problem, the good news is that teen birth rates in the United States have dropped almost continuously since the early 1990s — including a six percent drop from 2011 to 2012 — further decreasingRead MoreThe Social Issue Regarding Teen Pregnancy756 Words   |  4 PagesPurpose: The social issue regarding teen pregnancy is still very prevalent in the United States. Teen pregnancy is a huge issue because it is known to have a negative effect on the mother and most importantly the child. An initial study was conducted on two teenage mothers prior to having their child. The researcher wanted to further investigate the same population for a better understanding of teenage motherhood. The purpose of case study was to examine the perceptions of two adolescent mothersRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Is Becoming More Of An Issue992 Words   |  4 PagesTeen pregnancy is becoming more of an issue in young Americans nowadays as we are the generation starting this we must attempt to slow down the process. Pregnancy is the period from conception to birth. After the egg is fertilized by a sperm and then implanted in the lining of the uterus later developing into a placenta and embryo to become a fetus and grow (the free dictionary). The miracle of life; teens seem to be experiencing this way to early on in life; Statistics show that in 2013 a total

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1377 Words

Many people dream about achieving the American Dream, especially immigrants from around the world hoping to start a new life. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby tells the story of one man’s journey, Nick Carraway’s, in obtaining the American Dream. His decision to leave the midwest and move to the east enables him to be able to learn stocks and make a living. Nick has not yet achieved the American Dream, but is eager to obtain this feat. Nick’s friend, Tom Buchanan, lives in East Egg and inherits money from his parents. Jay Gatsby, who lives next to Nick in West Egg, has worked for his money and was inspired to become wealthy. In The Great Gatsby, three main characters look for opportunities to gain the American Dream with numerous obstacles in their path. Jay Gatsby strives for opportunities to work for wealth and uses it to demonstrate his opulence; conversely, Tom Buchanan is the opposite of Gatsby, obtaining wealth from his parents and using his mo ney to make a living. Nick Carraway is neither of the other characters, but instead is looking to possess the American Dream. Jay Gatsby is a character of mystery; no one seems to fully understand him. He meets Daisy Fay before the war and they fall in love. When Gatsby leaves for the war, Daisy waits for his return, though time passes and Daisy could not wait for him to come back and marries Tom Buchanan instead. This journey, which traces, †Gatsby s rise and fall as he attempts to recapture Daisy Buchanan s love,†Show MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Cruise holidays (written for Punyabhumi Ltd) Free Essays

string(407) " access to the onboard swimming pool, Jacuzzi and gym, and live entertainment shows in exquisite lounge areas on the ship, which has a professional live band if you want to add to the music of the waves! Air Travel Madras also offers special seasonal discounts; for example, the Valentine’s Day discount is for cruises booked up to March 1st, and gives you an attractive 50% off on your partner’s fare\." If your kids or grandchildren have been raving about the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow at sea, then maybe it’s time you discovered the allure of the ocean for yourself! We’re not talking about meeting pirates or find gold doubloons on sunken ships, but luxuriating in the sheer bliss of sailing on a cruise liner. Whether you’re a stressed-out professional who hardly gets to see their partner on weekdays, a single person looking for romance and adventure, or a parent who’s longing for some family time with your children and spouse, there’s something about cruises that appeals to everyone! A cruise vacation is a wonderfully unique opportunity to experience the romance of the sea as well as the appeal of exotic destinations, and is a charming way to spend a few days of quality time with your partner. Most cruises pack so much into a couple of days—luxurious cabins, lazy walks on the deck, gourmet meals, entertainment shows, live bands, swimming pools complete with Jacuzzis, shopping and sight-seeing at exquisite ports—that the cruise is the perfect quick fix to chase your blues away, and have you walking on air for weeks to come! The two most popular cruise destinations from Chennai are Phuket and Colombo, both managed by the SuperStar Libra operators. We will write a custom essay sample on Cruise holidays (written for Punyabhumi Ltd) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Libra is a state-of-the-art ocean liner, touted as a world-class luxury floating resort where the service is warm and the accommodations elegant. The ship offers you all the facilities you would expect from a five-star resort: mouth-watering menus at every meal, internet access, medical care, shopping and even conference and meeting rooms for those workaholics who want to catch up with business as they relax! The liner has a breathtaking ten decks, with over seven hundred luxury cabins. It can accommodate over one thousand and four hundred passengers on a single cruise. There are rooms ranging from the aristocratic executive suites (Rs 21,999/- per night per passenger) to the ocean-view staterooms (ranging from Rs 7,200 to Rs 11,000 per night per passenger, depending on the kind of view available from each cabin) with a choice of cabins with portholes, so you can gaze at the dazzlingly-clear night sky as you drift off contentedly into sleep at night! ). The Libra also features several restaurants on board, each offering you a tastefully organized dining experience. Check out Coconut Willy’s, the poolside restaurant where you can lounge in your swimsuit and sample the delightful menu, or the Pool Bar, which is exclusively for drinks and enticing cocktails. For a more formal dining experience, visit the Saffron, which features traditional Indian vegetarian meals, including Jain cuisine; there is also the enchanting Four Seasons restaurant for those who prefer continental meals. If you’re taking the kids along, chances are you won’t be able to tear them away from the aptly-named Lickety Splits, the ice-cream bar straight out of a child’s version of paradise! And where do we even begin to describe the various entertainment rooms? There’s The Bollywood, which is the karaoke lounge; the Galaxy of the Stars, a cocktail lounge with a live band; the discotheque, Boomer’s; Video Planet, for those compulsive gamers who periodically feel the need to blast the stuffing out of animated villains, and much, much more! The Libra cruise to Phuket gives you three days and four nights of memorable sailing. This is a typical â€Å"high sea† cruise, meaning that it’s the closest thing to heaven for those who want nothing more than to bask in the enchantment that three continuous days of open water can give you! Phuket also offers you the delight of turquoise waters and exploration in its rustic villages. The Libra Chennai-Colombo cruise is for three days and two nights, which includes one complete day of the high sea experience. Indian Holiday Pvt Ltd organizes cruises for you, and online bookings are available at www. indianholiday. com. To book a cruise on the Libra, go to www. indianholiday. com/star-cruise-packages/star-cruise-libra. Indian Holiday organizes cruises from their Mumbai office only. To plan your cruise with a Chennai operator, contact Travel Air Madras, featured below. If you want a wider choice of destinations, check out the cruises that operate from Mumbai. As Ms Gupta from Travel Air Madras tells us, Mumbai is the most flourishing point of departure for cruises to ever-popular destinations such as Mauritius and Lakshadweep. The four-night Cochin/Goa cruise is an excellent option, which takes you from historical forts to ravishing beaches in the space of three days! This cruise operates between December and February, so plan your trip accordingly. February is the best time, neither harshly cold nor uncomfortably warm, and there is very little chance of stormy weather. The Lakshadweep/Goa cruise for four nights has two shore stops, Kadmat and Goa. Kadmat is an island paradise, just eight kilometres long and half a kilometre wide! If you’re the adventurous type, you can indulge in water sports like scuba-diving, parasailing, snorkeling and kayaking at Kadmat’s gorgeous lagoons, or if you’d prefer, just lie back and drink in the vivid blue of the ocean from one of the memorable glass-bottomed tourist boats! (Swimming skills are mandatory for all water sports, and children under fourteen years cannot participate in diving. The water at Kadmat is crystal clear, and you can gaze at the vibrant marine life up to a depth of an amazing fifty metres. This cruise operates four times a month between October and April every year. Travel Air Madras is a tour operator which plans your cruise right from booking your air tickets to Mumbai and finding you a cruise holiday to suit your tastes and requirements. Rates begin at approximately Rs 500 0/- per night per person (excluding taxes). The one- and two-night cruises on the Libra feature Goa as the most popular destination, while three-night cruises take you to Kadmat in Lakshadweep and bring you back. Rates are inclusive of three meals a day, access to the onboard swimming pool, Jacuzzi and gym, and live entertainment shows in exquisite lounge areas on the ship, which has a professional live band if you want to add to the music of the waves! Air Travel Madras also offers special seasonal discounts; for example, the Valentine’s Day discount is for cruises booked up to March 1st, and gives you an attractive 50% off on your partner’s fare. You read "Cruise holidays (written for Punyabhumi Ltd)" in category "Papers" To avail of this offer, you need to complete your cruise by April 14th. Call 2852-3095 or 2852-1623, or email Usha at u. k61@rediffmail. com for more details. If you want a less touristy cruise, you could also consider a river cruise to the enigmatic Sundarbans. Two luxury river launches, the M. V. Chitrarekha and the M. V. Madhukar, make weekly two-day trips which take you into the heart of the mangrove forests to observe the enchanting wildlife and drift al ong the delta created by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. Both ships include upper observation decks. The gourmet Bengali meals alone are worth the experience! Entertainment includes on-board dancing. The best time to take this river cruise is between September and March, when you also get the chance to see rare migratory birds. So leave your copy of Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide at home on your bookshelf, and witness the charms of the famed diving dolphins for yourself. You can even catch a glimpse of the Bengal tigers sunbathing on the banks! This cruise is operated by the government’s tourism department, and departs from Kolkata (just a couple of hours from Chennai by air). A two-day trip costs Rs 2500/- per passenger during the tourist season, and off-season rates are Rs 1175/- per passenger. You can book your ticket at the Bengal Tourism office located at 2, Brabourne Road, Kolkata. Call 033-2225-4565/8183/4723-25 or email dtwbtour@vsnl. net. Vivada Cruises has also introduced Sundarbans cruises from January 2007 with the luxury cruiser Paramahamsa, featuring three decks and over thirty elegant cabins, as well as restaurants, a gymnasium, and a library with internet connectivity. The package is priced at Rs 20,000 per passenger for the Luxury class, and Rs 15,000 per passenger for the Comfort class. For a fascinating voyage through a near-pristine land, book yourself on the Paramahamsa! With its contemporary interiors and tranquil ambience, the cruiser is also the perfect venue for business conferences and wedding receptions. Call 033-2463-1990/1/2/3 or email waterways@vivada. com or sunderbancruises@vivada. com. With Star Cruises, the world’s third largest cruise company, now operating in India, we now have local access to a special experience from our own ports which equal international standards of quality and luxury. A cruise is a wonderful experience at any time, but you may want to consider one to commemorate a special occasion such as your twenty-fifth wedding anniversary. For those who want to nudge their parents into rediscovering romance during a second honeymoon, a cruise holiday package is also a gift that your parents are sure to cherish forever! So if you’ve been thinking of stealing your spouse away from the routines of everyday life, or if you want to remember an unforgettable occasion in an exceptional way, consider treating yourself to this holiday experience like no other! Article 2: Fort St George (written for Ritz magazine) History in Our Own Backyard! Date: 20 February, 1640 A. D. Place: A small, nondescript fishing village on the Coromandel coast A small band of British soldiers land for the first time on the East Coast of India. Realizing quickly that they will need to work fast if they are to claim this territory before the French do, they set to work creating a garrison. They are hard-pressed for land, but a local farmer called Madrasan offers them the use of his banana grove. The Raja of Chandragiri, the last of the great rulers of the Vijayanagar empire, accedes to their request. Two months later, their military base is established and christened Fort St George. And thus, the city of Madras is born. They say that old buildings are silent, watchful observers of history. From the beginnings of the British Raj, this familiar fort has witnessed the evolution of one of India’s largest cities. Fort St George in Chennai has the somewhat dubious distinction of being the first fort that the British built in India. More importantly, however, the fort made the small settlement of Madraspatnam a flourishing port, and it’s not an exaggeration to say that had this fort not been built, Madras would not have developed into a city. Built a mere forty-four years after the East India trading company arrived in India in 1600 A. D. , Fort St George helped the British establish a stronghold on the east coast, and remains one of the most famous landmarks of the city. The fort was named after St George, the patron saint of England. The British used the fort as their main settlement in India until 1774, when they declared Calcutta as the seat of their administration. The fort not only helped the British establish a settlement in the small South Indian fishing village, but also to create a stronghold from which to defend themselves against the forces of the neighbouring kingdoms. Arcot and Srirangapatnam were not far away, and the French had taken Pondicherry. Had the British not built the fort, it may have proved difficult for them to establish their power in the south. Consequently, they invested much effort in fortifying the area. The fort is surrounded by walls that are over six metres high, as well as a formidable-looking moat. Although it’s tempting to think that vicious crocodiles once swam in the waters of the moat to terrorize the enemy, legend has it that the moat was created not so much to defend the fort as to keep inquisitive â€Å"natives† away from it. The British called the fort area their ‘White Town,’ as opposed to the ‘Black Town’ outside its walls, where the â€Å"coloured† people lived. Despite its name, the fort is not â€Å"really† a fort, but more a collection of buildings made by the British in the Neoclassical style, many of which were remodeled in subsequent times. Within a couple of decades after the fort was founded, St Mary’s Church also came to be erected within the fort area. The church, the oldest British one in India, is often described as the Westminster Abbey of the East. According to popular opinion, St Mary’s is also the oldest British church outside Europe. The church also found itself being used as a military dormitory for three brief years, when the French seized it from the British from 1746 to 1749. Don’t forget to take a peek into the visitor’s book when you visit—it still has comments dating back over a hundred years! Opposite the church are Clive House and Wellesley House, named after the respective governors who lived in them (Wellesley later went on to become the Duke of Wellington, and defeated Napoleon at Waterloo). Robert Clive was married in St Mary’s Church, as was Elihu Yale, the founder of Yale University. Yale, who was Governor of the city and is said to have made his fortune in India, had a 46-metre teak flagpole erected, from which it is believed that the Union Jack was unfurled for the first time in India. The pole was actually the mast of a ship that was wrecked in the seventeenth century. It still stands today, bearing, of course, a different flag! The original teak, however, was replaced with metal in 1994. This flagpole is the oldest in the country. Although the government has its Secretariat in the offices of Clive House, much of it is also a grand museum. The Fort Museum is open from 10 a. m. to 5 p. . on all days except Fridays, and includes ten galleries with relics from the British and French empires. The magnificent banqueting hall on the first floor has portraits of the earliest governors, and there are many remnants of the British era, including palanquins, coins, weapons, paintings and manuscripts. You can also see as large, imposing statue of Lord Cornwallis, as well as documents hand-written by Cornwallis and Clive. The statue depicts a sad scene: Tipu Sultan’s two young sons being handed over to the British because their father was unable to pay the large sum of money demanded by Cornwallis. Tipu Sultan’s cannons can be seen outside the museum. Both Aurangzeb and Hyder Ali also attacked the fort several times in the eighteenth century, but it was so well-fortified that they could not break its defences. The pentagon-shaped gun ramparts slope down to the moat, and were once connected to five drawbridges that led to the fort. These bridges have since been replaced by roads. From the first landing of the British to the tsunami, the fort has witnessed almost four centuries of Chennai’s history. Will it still be there in another four hundred years’ time, its walls as impassive and unchanged? One can only wonder! Article 3: Barry Burn Lodge, South Africa (written for a travel website) Barry Burn Lodge is situated in the gorgeous Lowveld area, a small, serene world of timeless beauty. Enjoy sunsets of unrivalled beauty. Fresh breezes greet each warm tropical day. In this tranquil spot, the altitude and the sun create the perfect tropical climate to vacation in! Some of Africa’s most memorable sights will delight you here. The estate is a stone’s throw away from the must-see Kruger National Park. The accommodation includes a stylish open-plan dining room and kitchen, fully operational for your culinary needs, and with the added convenience of a fridge, stove, microwave and dishwasher. Barry Burn Lodge also offers laundry services with a washing machine and tumble dryer. Relax at the well-furnished lounge and bar, equipped with a fireplace which creates a wonderfully cozy ambience on chilly evenings. The lounge opens out on to a beautiful sundeck with braai facilities, which is a magnificent setting in which to absorb the serene beauty of your surroundings, or to unwind after a hard day’s vacationing! Upstairs, discover the joys of a loft room with TV and M-Net (DSTV dish is available, but you need to carry your own decoder. The loft leads on to a charming balcony from which to enjoy a sundowner, with a fantastic panoramic view of the expansive, lush green fairways of the Golf Estate. The accommodation at Barry Burn Lodge includes 4 bedrooms, all with bathrooms en-suite, containing 2 double bedrooms with Queen size beds, as well as 2 bedrooms with 2 single beds in each. Bed linen and bath towels are available for your necessities. Please carry your own swimming towels. There are several delightful activities to enjoy in and around Barry Burn Lodge. Enjoy the facilities of a championship golf course, with its picturesque fairways, water obstacles, and vibrant bird life. Other sporting activities offered include tennis and squash arranged by the club. Barry Burn Lodge also invites you to revel in splendid and awe-inspiring scenic drives to historic places. Just a few of these historic places which can inspire and delight you are the Mac-Mac Falls, Graskop, Sodwana Caves, Pilgrim’s Rest, God’s Window, and Blyde River Canyon. The estate also shares a border with the remarkable Lake Longmere, where you can unwind as you indulge in fishing, boating, or even mountain biking. Visit Greenway Woods Resort and Conference Centre, eat out at Oliver’s Restaurant, or treat yourself to Casterbridge Farm, a homecraft, antique, museum and entertainment centre. Also very enjoyable is the Barnyard Theatre, 3 km towards White River town, where live shows are presented on most weekends – don’t miss it! The Riverside Mall/Casino, only a 20-minute drive from the Estate, is also worth a visit. How to cite Cruise holidays (written for Punyabhumi Ltd), Papers

Participation Rates in Texas

Citizens participate in governance by voting and ensuring that the government is transparent and accountable. America, being the foremost democracy in the word, has among the highest rates of citizens’ participation in issues of governance. The rates are however lower than national average in Texas State.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Participation Rates in Texas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Texans participation rate in voting is appallingly low. Champagne and Edward report that in 2006, less than thirty percent of Texans eligible to vote participated in a gubernatorial contest full of political heavy weights (32). Low participation rates in voting and other aspects of governance results from domination of politics by conservative elites. These elites have thwarted reform progress. However, with sustained efforts from civil society and federal government, Texans participation rates will go up. Histor ically, Texas has had a protracted battle to allow women and racial minorities to vote. When Texas joined the Union in the 17th century, voting rights were limited to white adult men. Women’s suffrage movement pressured the government to extend voting rights to women. The federal government yielded to women’s demand and in 1920, women enjoyed equal voting rights with men. However, ethnic minorities like African Americans and Hispanics remained passive observers in the electoral process. Whites dominated political and economic establishments and barred ethnic minorities from voting. White conservative elites passed laws requiring ethnic minorities to pay poll tax before they could participate in elections. This tax served to disenfranchise African American and Hispanic voters who found the tax prohibitive. Hispanic voters who qualified to vote could only vote for candidates that their white bosses preferred. This led to a court battle that Federal courts decided in favo r of ethnic minorities. The court ordered Texas government to withdraw white primary and poll tax as pre-qualifications to participation in voting. The white majority turned to other measures to reduce ethnic minorities’ participation in elections. Schmidt cites â€Å"at-large elections and racial gerrymandering of election district boundaries† (54) as some of the tactics that white majority employed to keep ethnic minorities from the ballot. Today, Texans participate in politics and government through various ways. The first is through elections. To qualify to vote in Texas, one needs to be eighteen years old and above, be a registered voter in the state and above all, be an American citizen. One can therefore participate in elections by voting or active engagement in campaigns. Individuals can volunteer time, money, and services to an election campaign they deem worthwhile.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More than elections, one can participate in politics through interest groups. These groups pressure the government to bring about reforms for betterment of people’s lives. Additionally, one can participate in government and politics through demonstrations, lobbying legislature, and sometimes through violent protests. Schmidt argues that level of education, economic status, age, and strength of political parties influence voter turnout in United States of America (54). Texas lags behind other states because of a combination of factors. Majority of Texans languish in poverty and their education levels are lower in comparison to other states. Political consciousness is therefore low and hence the low participation rates. Champagne and Edward assert that states with â€Å"older, better-educated populations with relatively high incomes† will have higher rates of citizens’ participation in government. More than being politically conscious, educated people understand the complexity of the ballot process with relative ease. Another reason for low participation rates in Texas is the influx of immigrants. Illegal or not, most immigrants shy away from social services and political participation for fear of deportation. Furthermore, immigrants are not well versed in America’s electoral process. Citizens participate more in the political process when they have effective labor unions and similar affiliations. Texans lack such unions and mobilization to turn out to vote is usually uncoordinated. Texas’ culture plays an important role in influencing participation in politics and governance. Texas is among the states that wanted to secede from the Union during the civil war. Racial segregation was more intense than in other states. There is a high population of immigrants and practice of Mexican culture is more profound than in other states. Texans are hostile to tax progression and thus the limited serv ices from the state. Labor unions are uncommon and the culture of political parties is not as entrenched as it is in other states. Interest groups have therefore been vital in agitating for reforms in a largely conservative state. The groups have focused on women’s suffrage, voting rights for ethnic minorities, and improved participation in governance. ‘Getting involved’ interest group for instance educate and mobilize people to participate in politics. In conclusion, Texas lags behind in political and governance participation because of low literacy levels, poverty, and influx of immigrants. The state has an anti-unions attitude that deprives citizens a very important mobilization tool. The political culture that is a feature of other states is lacking in Texas. Looking ahead, interest groups can continue to lobby for legislations that reflect the diversity inherent in Texas. Civil education can also help to educate people on benefits of voting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Participation Rates in Texas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Champagne, Anthony, and Edward J. Harpham.  Governing Texas: An Introduction to Texas Politics, Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2013. Print. Schmidt, Steffen W.  American Government Politics Today: Texas Edition. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. This essay on Participation Rates in Texas was written and submitted by user Elise Sellers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Qu son las visas no inmigrantes y su problemtica

Qu son las visas no inmigrantes y su problemtica Las visas no inmigrante permiten a una persona extranjera visitar, estudiar, invertir o trabajar por un tiempo determinado en Estados Unidos. La regla general es que los extranjeros que quieran entrar temporalmente en EEUU necesitan un visado, si bien existen excepciones. Las visas no inmigrantes se distinguen de las visas de inmigrante, que se convierte en tarjetas de residencia en el momento en que la persona que viaja con una de ellas sellada en su pasaporte ingresa legalmente a los Estados Unidos. Quià ©nes no necesitan visa para visitar temporalmente los Estados Unidos Para estancias como turistas inferiores a los 90 dà ­as los ciudadanos de cualquiera de los paà ­ses amparados bajo el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas pueden entrar a EEUU sin visado. En la actualidad de entre todos los paà ­ses de habla hispana sà ³lo Espaà ±a est incluido en ese grupo de naciones. Estas personas necesitan rellenar electrà ³nicamente una ESTA antes de iniciar su viaje. Si es rechazada su solicitud, debern a la oficina consular correspondiente y solicitar una visa. Adems si la estancia es por razà ³n de trabajo o de estudios sà ­ debern contar con el visado correspondiente, aunque vayan a permanecer en EEUU por menos de tres meses. Tampoco necesitan visado los ciudadanos canadienses, salvo excepciones muy limitadas, como haber violado previamente su estatus migratorio, ser el cà ³nyuge de un residente legal permanente o de un ciudadano americano que quieren adquirir la green card. Y lo mismo aplica para los ciudadanos del territorio britnico de Bermudas, siempre y cuando su estancia sea inferior a 180 dà ­as. Por à ºltimo, los ciudadanos mexicanos y residentes legales permanentes en el paà ­s azteca que viven junto a la frontera estadounidense pueden cruzar a Estados Unidos utilizando la Tarjeta de Cruce de Frontera, conocida como visa lser, que debe ser expedida por una oficina consular en Mà ©xico. Todas las personas no incluidas en los grupos anteriores necesitan una visa para visitar, estudiar, hacer negocios, recibir tratamiento mà ©dico o trabajar temporalmente en EEUU. Ejemplos de visas no inmigrantes Mà ºltiples tipos de visas estn incluidas en esta categorà ­a, destacando: B1/B2, de turista, placer o negocios.C1 para trnsitoC1/D para trabajar en crucerosF1/M1 de estudiante o vocacional.G4 de empleados de organizaciones internacionales con sede en Estados Unidos como el FMI, la ONU o la OEA.J-1 para profesionales en situacià ³n de intercambio, acadà ©micos, nià ±eras, etc.O para personas con habilidades especiales en las Artes, el Deporte, la Educacià ³n, las Ciencias o Negocios. Algunas de estas visas de no inmigrante son consideradas como de â€Å"intencià ³n doble† o double intent en inglà ©s. Esto es, permiten que el extranjero entre temporalmente en EEUU pero es perfectamente là ­cito que busquen al mismo tiempo convertirse en residentes permanentes legales. Entre esas visas se encuentra, por ejemplo,  la H-1B y las L. Hay que tener muy claro que en en el caso de visas no inmigrantes el oficial  de inmigracià ³n en el puerto de entrada puede denegar la entrada al titular de una visa visa no inmigrante vlida si sospecha que la persona extranjera busca en realidad quedarse permanentemente en EEUU. Una vez en EEUU,  ¿se puede extender el plazo de estas visas? Sà ­, mediante el formulario I-539. Cada visa tiene sus propios requerimientos para solicitar la extensià ³n. Una delas ms sencillas de solicitar es la del visado de turista B1/B2. Cà ³mo se solicita una visa no inmigrante Depende del tipo de visado e incluso en algunos casos de la oficina consular que deba tramitar la peticià ³n. Sin embargo, para todas ellas quedarse ms tiempo del permitido  tiene consecuencias muy serias.    ¿Debo estar presente para solicitar la visa? Salvo excepciones muy concretas, como por ejemplo aplicar por una G-4 para trabajar en organizaciones internacionales, todos los solicitantes con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 79 aà ±os debern acudir en persona al consulado el dà ­a que se les cite para una entrevista. Los menores o mayores de esa edad podrn, por regla general, utilizar los servicios de un servicio de mensajerà ­a aprobado por la Embajada para realizar todas sus gestiones.  ¿Quà © pasa si la solicitud de visa es denegada? Aproximadamente, el 22 por ciento de las solicitudes de visas son rechazadas. Las causas pueden ser calificadas en dos grandes categorà ­as: inadmisiblidad e inelegibilidad. Estas son 20 causas por las que las visas no inmigrante pueden ser no aprobadas  por ser inelegible  . Adems, hay  22 razones que convierten a un extranjero en inadmisible para ingresar a los Estados Unidos. Frente a las causas de inelegibilidad no hay nada que hacer salvo que la causa que provoca el problema desaparezca. Por el contrario, en algunos casos ser posible pedir un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso, para subsanar el problema causado por algunas causas de inadmisibilidad. Finalmente, se recomienda tomar este test sobre visas  para garantizar los conocimientos mà ­nimos para sacar la visa y conservarla sin problemas de cancelacià ³n.

The Present Participle of Verbs Ending in -ie

The Present Participle of Verbs Ending in -ie The Present Participle of Verbs Ending in -ie The Present Participle of Verbs Ending in -ie By Maeve Maddox Its Spring and Im busily cruising the gardening sites. This headline grabbed me: Is your Clematis Wilting? Fading? Dieing? Find out how to rescue it. English has a handful of common verbs that end in -ie: die lie (to recline) lie (to prevaricate) tie The present participles of these verbs are formed by changing the -ie to y and adding -ing: dying lying lying tying And yes, my clematis is fading, but so far, not dying. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good With40 Fish IdiomsMood vs. Tense

Analysis of the Business and Operationg Environments of Ireland Essay

Analysis of the Business and Operationg Environments of Ireland - Essay Example At the end, the paper provides information on the prospects and problems of establishing business relations with Ireland. Overview: Ireland is an island having an area of about 32,595.1 sq mi. The island has an ideal strategic location and is located to the northwest of Continental Europe. The Atlantic Ocean is located to the west of Ireland and the Celtic sea is located to the south. The island is vast and therefore forms the third largest island of Europe. Ireland is the world’s twentieth largest island and is politically divided into two parts: Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. (The Survey, 1966). The Republic of Ireland occupies five-sixths of the total area of Ireland and the Northern Ireland occupies the remaining area. Northern Island is a part of Great Britain and has a north eastern location. (Ireland. Paris, 1969). In accordance with a recent census, Ireland has an approximate population of 6.4 million. Northern Ireland has a population of 4.5 million while t he population of Republic of Ireland is approximately 1.8 million. (Wyndham 2010). The topography of Ireland is diverse but primarily consists of a central plain surrounded by relatively low lying mountains and it is also known as the Emerald Isle. Ireland has a temperate and an insular climate. The central plain has a number of tributaries of navigable rivers. The largest of Republic of Ireland is Dublin while the largest city of Northern Ireland is Bedfast. The culture of Ireland is diverse and is the product of the combination of different cultures. The major ethnic groups of Ireland are Irish, Ulster Scotts, and Irish Travellers. (McCarthy, Joe 1964). The Republic of Ireland was declared a free Irish state on 6th December 1922 and Northern Ireland is a part of Great Britain and was established as a separate state on 3rd May 1921. Ireland has four provinces which are Connacht, Leinster, Munster, Ulster. Connacht is located in the western part of the island and Leinster has an eas tern location. Munster is located in the south and Ulster in the north. There are thirty two traditional colonies in Ireland. The Republic of Ireland has twenty six colonies and the remaining ones are the part of Northern Island. Ireland has a mild climate which favors the growth of lush green vegetation. (Ruane et al 2003). The island has frequent rainfall throughout the year. The weather is primarily determined by Maritime influence. During the Ice Age, a larger area of Ireland was covered with ice and this is the primary reason why the diversity of plant, animal and aquatic species of Ireland shows a lesser degree of diversity than Great Britain. Ireland is home to about 55 species of mammals. The prominent mammalian species include the hedge hog, red fox and badger. Furthermore, Ireland is home to more than 400 bird species. Ireland is a healthy island and a large part of its population is well aware of the importance of fitness. The educational system of Ireland is dual. Irelan d has a high literacy rate and the Republic of Ireland has an ideal educational system based on three levels; primary, secondary and higher. (McCarthy, Joe 1964).The educational system of Northern Ireland is different from that of the rest of United Kingdom and is highly successful as more than one third of the students obtained A

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The most significant 3 pieces of legislation in American History since 1865 - Essay Example Both negative and positive effects of Reconstruction legislation remain today. New Deal legislation was designed to pull the country out of its worst ever economic depression and ease human misery by creating employment opportunities and welfare programs. Many New Deal programs remain today. Civil Rights legislation finished what Reconstruction legislation started in terms of legally ensuring equality for Blacks. It, in essence, leveled the playing field for minorities, women and the disabled and was the result of the most massive social movement in history. Booth’s bullet altered the course of the nation because Vice President Andrew Johnson and President Abraham Lincoln were often diametrically opposed regarding the reconstruction of the South and the degree of civil liberties the freed slaves were to be afforded. Johnson used the presidency to further his own agenda of oppression and revenge on the South following the Civil War. His actions retarded the progression of Reconstruction and in many ways stopped it altogether. The remnants of the Johnson Presidency felt in the South lasted long after his death. The devastated South never received economic help that had been previously promised by Lincoln thus never fully recovered economically. The oppression of Blacks likely continued to a greater degree and for a longer period of time due to Lincoln’s assassination. The cumulative amount of human misery caused by Johnson is incalculable. â€Å"Johnson, who took office after Lincoln’s death, was the only Southern se nator not to leave office upon secession. Lincoln had put him on the presidential ticket as a symbol of unity, but Johnson was a southern Democrat who was not sympathetic to Lincoln’s Republican Party or to helping the newly-freed slaves† (â€Å"What if†, 2007). Despite Johnson’s efforts to the contrary, Congress passed

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Planning for a Business Start Up Would it be feasible to open an electrical goods store in Thame? Thame is in Oxon (Oxfordshire). Abstract This report examines the business case for a start up business in Thame, Oxfordshire. The business in question is that of an electrical retailer, and the possibilities for both a small, independent enterprise and a large chain multiple are considered here. The report first considers the contemporary economic and retail environment, and then the relevant facts about Thame itself. It then looks at the possible market segmentation associated with the business, and considers some projected cashflow and expenditure models. In conclusion, the report does not foresee any guarantees of success for such a venture in the present climate, although it may be possible to accrue small margins through diversifying the business into e.commerce. Conversely, it may be that forthcoming large scale ventures have better prospects. 1. Introduction. This report examines the business case for starting a new venture in the form of an electrical retailer in Thame, Oxfordshire. It does so with due regard for the contemporary economic and retailing environment, as well as the relative prospects of a small, independent business as against a larger, diversified one. As Groom speculates, ‘A recession can be a smart time to launch a business or innovate, if you can find the money to invest. Competitors are struggling to cut costs and you can look forward to the upturn.’ (1). Liquidity in terms of start up costs, inventory, stock and rents is a key factor for consumer facing businesses, who cannot confidently predict their actual margins in the current climate. As will be discussed below, there are likely to be significant developments in UK electrical retailing sector over the next few years: not even the established multiple chains are assured of retaining their current margins. The one area which may offer smaller players a significant opportunity is e.commerce. As Hooley et al. point out, ‘A significant feature of the Internet is the shift in power away from manufacturers and retailers towards customers. While the period to the middle of the twentieth century saw power concentrated in the hands of manufacturers and suppliersthe customer now typically initiates an information search, whereas in the past the manufacturer or the retailer initiated and controlled this.’ (2) 2. A worthwhile business opportunity? The local/national competition. In the absence of detailed and focused market research data, the business case must be projected from the available circumstantial evidence. We will begin this discussion by looking at the market conditions for electrical goods and UK retailing in general. Both the British Retail Consortium and the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors reported worsening trade figures in November 2008, with non-discretionary purchases, i.e. food and drink, the only categories not to be depressed. (3) A recent Bank of England survey reported that Banks are imposing tougher lending standards on loans and credit cards, although interest rate cuts may encourage households to spend money freed off by heaper mortgage repayments. As one analyst observes, ‘Non-food retail sales are driven by real wage growth, credit availability and housing wealth. Since real incomes, after inflation, have been falling for about two years, consumers have dipped into savings, and used remortgaging and credit cards to maintain spending. Things are now reversing.’ (4) A depressed housing market will further impact upon electrical retailing through a lower demand for appliances. The major multiple and discount electrical store chains are suffering from poor sales and margins at present, due to the following factors†¦ Depressed housing markets have resulted in lower sales of refrigerators, washing machines and other white goods. A price war between television manufacturers has depressed profit margins on these goods by 1 per cent in the second half of 2008. Sales of flat-screen TV’s have slowed to the level of white goods. Margins have been further reduced in pre-Christmas price cutting, with rival chains holding sales to reduce stock levels. (5) In specific company terms, this means that Comet’s like for like sales are down 11.6 per cent from 2007, and Kesa, its Anglo-French owned parent company, has suffered a first half loss. Its shares recently suffered an 11.9 pence fall to 142.5 pence, and it is planning to cut costs through redundancies in its UK stores. DSG International, Comet’s closest competitor, has recently scrapped its dividend on the same basis. (6) As a background to this, large format outlets in retail park developments have been contracting, with Comet and Curry’s planning to rationalise their chains. Meanwhile, Tesco and Asda are expanding their non-discretionary and homewares businesses, and Argos is reportedly expanding. DSG have also opened a 60,000 square foot outlet near Birmingham, under the Currys megastore brand. In the long term, there may be competition from completely new entrants, such as Carphone Warehoue, which is currently opening US electrical stores in partnership with Best Buy. ( 7) The Best Buy/Carphone partnership has already projected 200 large consumer electrical stores in Europe by 2013, with 100 of these in the UK. They will be going head to head with Curry’s, Comet and PC World, and projecting sales of  £6.2 billion by 2013. ( 8) This is based on anticipated margins of 5.6 per cent, whereas current incumbents such as Currys and Comet trade on typical margins of 1 per cent. It is planned to achieve this more favourable margin by adopting a ‘know your customer’ approach: as Charles Dunstone puts it, ‘If you go to a lot of electrical stores now, they just keep the rain off the stock, no one there does anything, they don’t display it nicely, if you ask a question they just read the label back to you.’ (9). 3. The Local and Regional Trading Context. Thame is in a relatively affluent area. A detached house in the town is currently valued at an average of  £383,799, with the entry level flat or maisonette costing an average of  £167,994. (10) Council tax is likely to rise in 2009, with a Band ‘D’ tax payer facing an increase of  £3.05. (11) . The area is already well provided with electrical retail outlets. Curry’s has ten stores within a twenty five mile radius of Thame, including three in Reading, two in High Wycombe and two in Aylesbury. There are five Comet electrical stores within the same area : Aylesbury, Oxford (Cowley), Oxford, High Wycombe, and Reading, the closest of which is 8.7 miles away. Tesco and Asda, which both sell household electricals, have stores within an 8 mile radius of Thame: Tesco’s Princes Risborough store is 7.65 miles away, whilst Asda’s Wheatley outlet is only 6.05 miles. DIY outlets such as BQ, who also sell some electrical appliances, also have stores in the area. Thame is listed as having two independent electrical retailers: Thame Audio, of Swan Walk, and Domesco Ltd, in Thame High Street. No trading figures are available for the latter, but in 2008 Thame Audio publicly reported a drop in turnover to  £100,000. (12 ) The local credit situation for new or small enterprises is not encouraging. The proprietor of Thames AV, the independent television and hi-fi store, has recently complained of having his business overdraft interest rate doubled to 8 per cent, with the bank (Barclays) unwilling to extend further credit. (13) This is redolent of the wider national situation: The Federation of Small Businesses indicates that ‘†¦Our members are being refused loans and threatened with overdraft withdrawals unless they agree to new, hiked-up rates. The banks have had their bail-out. They should not pass their problems on to loyal . . . customers.’ (14 ) There are support organisations for new enterprise in the region, including the Oxford Trust, and Oxford Innovation. (15) It must also be borne in mind that the balance of the regulatory framework is unlikely to be tipped towards small retailers in the near future. As one of their Trade Organisation representatives has commented, ‘Having received the recommendations of a detailed and extensive inquiry there is no justification for the government not driving forward the †¦remedy put forward by the†¦competition authorities.’ (16) However, the response from the Office of Fair Trading has so far been unequivocal: ‘It is not for the competition authorities to deny any players in a market opportunities for organic growth†¦out of a perceived need and ability to meet consumer demand.’ (17). In other words, there will be no regulatory leveling of the playing field to encourage or assist small businesses. 4. Market entry prospects and Cash flow Forecast. Deacons and Freely point out that ‘converting an idea into a business opportunity is the key element of the process of business creation†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, simultaneously indicating that a number of elements need to converge: ‘The economic environment has to be conducive, the culture must be appropriate for risk-taking and the nascent entrepreneur must have the confidence to take an idea suggested by opportunities through to fulfilment.’ (18) Whilst not all of these factors are currently present, it is proposed here that small retailers can still take advantage of the untapped capacity in eCommerce. As Hooley et al point out, this market is not homogenous, consisting of highly differentiated segments, i.e. ‘†¦Explorers – highly optimistic and innovative; Pioneers – the innovative but cautious: Skeptics – who need to have the benefits of technology proved to them: Paranoids – those who are insecure about the technology; and Laggar ds – those who will resist the technology†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. (19). In a survey of small retailers, over half said that they were already augmenting their footfall business with trading on the web. All of those who had done so considered the initial outlay had been well invested, and considered that they had already recouped their investment. Whilst none agreed with the idea that the web might eventually supplant their high street business, they all foresaw it playing an increasing role in their margins even those who had not yet started trading on the web. (Appendix 3). Cashflow Forecast. Individuals will not enter the sphere of business start ups on a level playing field, as financial institutions are applying increasingly stringent lending criteria. As Deakins and Freel point out, ‘The importance of human capital tends to be reinforced by external financial institutions, since research has shown that bank managers rate previous experience as an important factor in lending to new-venture entrepreneurs.’ (20) The margins cited above, i.e. those of between 1 and 5 per cent as accepted in the trading of the large electrical multiples, illustrate how difficult it is going to be for a small scale enterprise to expand or even survive in close proximity to them. The cashflow forecast prepared for this study is based on a reasonably well capitalized start up, with only a  £24,000 loan required, and this deferred until the second year of trading, i.e. no repayments due in the first twelve months. It also assumes the trader has personal liquidity of  £500 a month from their existing assets, which they are prepared to commit to the business. The business has a target monthly income of between  £8,000 and  £10,000, seasonally adjusted: taking into account all other income, this would accrue a grand total of  £134.000. (See Appendix 1). Assuming an annual stock inventory of  £96,000, the other major outgoing will be Rent and rates, which are currently high in both the high street and out of town sites, despite vacant lots and falling demand. This will amount to  £14,400 including business rates, and there will also be a  £4,000 start up cost for interactive website design. With nothing factored in for contingencies, a total expected expenditure of  £125,120 is perhaps a little optimistic, and the predicted profit of  £8880 may be reduced to a break even situation. This is not regarded as a bad result in the first year’s trading for an independent retailer. (Appendix 2). 5. Conclusion. Current retail trading conditions are, arguably, not auspicious for any scale of enterprise. However, they are particularly hazardous for the small retailer, and especially one which is relying on any element of credit. There is no guarantee that the latter will be available at all, or that the terms agreed for it will remain unchanged: as has been discussed above, if they do change, it is likely to be in favour of the bank, rather than the other way round. As Deakins and Freel point out, ‘For obvious reasons, little research has been done on new business ventures that subsequently fail, but it is commonly asserted that one of the main reasons for the reported high failure rates of such new ventures is under-capitalization.’ (21). With forthcoming large scale businesses such as Carphone concentrating on creating customer value through service, small businesses will no longer be able to claim any discernible advantage in that respect, unless they can apply to new areas of retailing such as e.commerce. On the positive side, small businesses may derive some advantage from official nervousness about their role in the overall economy. Chancellor Alistair Darling has augmented the Small Firms Loan Guarantee Scheme, and widened the availability of Insurance from the Export Credits Guarantee Department. Stephen Alambritis, who is the head of parliamentary affairs for the Federation of Small Businesses, has indicated that ‘†¦Something’s happened somewhere [in government] that recognises that the real economy is small businesses, and if they don’t get the money and †¦the credit, then we’ll be in a recession.’ (22). With over 13 million people in the UK working in the small business sector, much depends on their sustainability. (23) However, the precise amount of support which might be available to any individual enterprise, such as the one under discussion here, cannot be anticipated. It must also be considered tha t any such support may be ephemeral in nature, and be reflected in higher taxes and lower business allowances when the fiscal books have to be balanced. Overall, the factors uncovered by this report indicate that this is not an appropriate time to open a small independent electrical retail business in Thame. Conversely, it may a propitious time for the kind of audacious, service orientated superstore mooted by Carphone Warehouse. As Blumentritt observes, ‘†¦Because defenders value efficiency and stability in their technology, structure, and organizational routines, they are sensitized to problems associated with innovation (e.g., high cost, risk of failure, threat to the established order)†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (24) If this is true of the existing electrical multiples, Thame may be a promising site for such a venture. Footnotes 1.) Groom, B., ‘A Great Time for New Businesses?’, Financial Times, 18.11.08, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b8fc9ccc-b510-11dd-b780-0000779fd18c.html [viewed 21.12.08] 2.) Hooley, G., Saunders, J., and Piercy, N., (2004), Marketing Strategy and Competitive Position, 3rd Edition, Financial Times/Prentice Hall, p.515. 3.) Cohen, N., ‘Plunge in UK retail sales and home deals’, Financial Times, 11 Nov 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/71a9f746-af7c-11dd-a4bf-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] 4.) Unattributed, ‘UK retail’, Financial Times, 7th Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/1/d898f024-9447-11dd-953e-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] 5. ) O’Connor, S., ‘The pain in Spain spreads to Kesa’s electrical goods’, Financial Times, 17th December 2008 INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b2777ac0-cbdb-11dd-ba02-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] 6.) Urry, M., ‘Kesa plunges on Comet warning’, Financial Times, 10 Sept 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ae1807ca-7f18-11dd-a3da-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] 7.) Thomas, D., and Rigby, E., ‘Wind of change blows through retail parks’, Financial Times, 17 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c93c46ae-9c7a-11dd-a42e-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] 8.) Rigby, E., and Parker, A., ‘Best Buy and Carphone detail Europe venture’, Financial Times, 15 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e2da7750-9a51-11dd-bfe2-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] 9. ) Rigby, E., and Parker, A., ‘Carphone upbeat over ambitious new venture’, Financial Times, 15 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fc98369a-9ae8-11dd-a653-000077b07658.html [22.12.08] 10.) Proviser, Thame House Prices, INTERNET, available at http://www.proviser.com/regional/towns/thame/ [viewed 22.12.08] 11.) ThameNews.Net, ‘Council Tax rise likely for 2009’, INTERNET, available at http://www.thamenews.net/readmore.asp?Content_ID=3972 [viewed 22.12.08] 12.) Guthrie, J., ‘Store owner ‘disgusted’ with bank’, Financial Times, 24 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d30ec254-a163-11dd-82fd-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] 13.) Ibid. 14.) ibid. 15.) O’Connor, S., ‘The pain in Spain spreads to Kesa’s electrical goods’, Financial Times, 17th Dec 2008 INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b2777ac0-cbdb-11dd-ba02-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] 16.) Unattributed, ‘ACS Calls for Political Action’, Association of Convenience Stores Website, INTERNET, available at http://www.acs.org.uk/en/Press_Office/details/index.cfm/obj_id/7082D32C-933E-4313-9CC47A5603AD2C50 [viewed 28.10.08] 17. ) Office of Fair Trading, (2005), Supermarkets: The code of practice and other competition issues. Conclusions. August, OFT807, HMSO, London, p.9. 18.) Deakins, D., and Freel, M., (2006), Entrepreneurship and Small Firms, McGraw Hill, London, p.228). 19.) Hooley, G., Saunders, J., and Piercy, N., (2004), Marketing Strategy and Competitive Position, 3rd Edition, Financial Times/Prentice Hall. p.493 20.) Deakins and Freel, op.cit., p.226. 21.) Ibid. p.229. 22.) Eaglesham, J., ‘Brown sharpens focus on small businesses’, Financial Times, Published 12.10.08, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7566b7c8-9877-11dd-ace3-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] 23.) Wright, W., ‘Dear Chancellor:  £1 billion Small Business Survival Fund’, Federation of Small Businesses Website, INTERNET, available at http://www.fsb.org.uk/frontpage/assets/fsbadvert.pdf [viewed 21.11.08] 24.) Blumentritt, T., and Danis, W.M., ‘Business Strategy Types and Innovative Practices’, Journal of Managerial Issues, Vol. 18, 2006. INTERNET, available at http://www.questia.com/read/5016256465?title=Business%20Strategy%20Types%20and%20Innovative%20Practices [viewed 24.12.08] Bibliography Blumentritt, T., and Danis, W.M., ‘Business Strategy Types and Innovative Practices’, Journal of Managerial Issues, Vol. 18, 2006. INTERNET, available at http://www.questia.com/read/5016256465?title=Business%20Strategy%20Types%20and%20Innovative%20Practices [viewed 24.12.08] Cohen, N., ‘Plunge in UK retail sales and home deals’, Financial Times, 11 Nov 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/71a9f746-af7c-11dd-a4bf-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] Competition Commission, (2008), Market investigation into the supply of groceries in the UK, HMSO London. Deakins, D., and Freel, M., (2006), Entrepreneurship and Small Firms, McGraw Hill, London. Eaglesham, J., ‘Brown sharpens focus on small businesses’, Financial Times, Published 12.10.08, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7566b7c8-9877-11dd-ace3-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] Epstein, M.J., (2004), Implementing E.Commerce Strategies: A Guide to Corporate Success after the Dot.Com Bust, Praeger, Westport Ct. Gilbert, X., and Strebel, P., (1988), ‘Developing Competitive Advantage’, in Quinn, J.B., Mintzberg, H., and James, R., (eds), The Strategy Process, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ, pp.82-93. Groom, B., ‘A Great Time for New Businesses?’, Financial Times, 18.11.08, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b8fc9ccc-b510-11dd-b780-0000779fd18c.html [viewed 21.11.08] Guthrie, J., ‘Store owner ‘disgusted’ with bank’, Financial Times, 24 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d30ec254-a163-11dd-82fd-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] Hooley, G., Saunders, J., and Piercy, N., (2004), Marketing Strategy and Competitive Position, 3rd Edition, Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Marsh, P., ‘SQW and Oxford Innovation combine their expertise’, Financial Times, 22nd June 2006, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2bcb2e9e-018b-11db-af16-0000779e2340.html [viewed 22.12.08] Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., and Lampel, J., (1998), Strategy Safari: The Complete Guide Through the Wilds of Strategic Management, Prentice Hall, London O’Connor, S., ‘The pain in Spain spreads to Kesa’s electrical goods’, Financial Times, 17th Dec 2008 INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b2777ac0-cbdb-11dd-ba02-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] Office of Fair Trading, (2005), Supermarkets: The code of practice and other competition issues. Conclusions. August, OFT807, HMSO, London. Proviser, Thame House Prices, INTERNET, available at http://www.proviser.com/regional/towns/thame/ [viewed 22.12.08] Rigby, E., and Parker, A., ‘Best Buy and Carphone detail Europe venture’, Financial Times, 15 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e2da7750-9a51-11dd-bfe2-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] Rigby, E., and Parker, A., ‘Carphone upbeat over ambitious new venture’, Financial Times, 15 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fc98369a-9ae8-11dd-a653-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] Stroud, D., (1998), Internet Strategies: A Corporate Guide to Exploiting the Internet Macmillan, Basingstoke. ThameNews.Net, ‘Council Tax rise likely for 2009’, INTERNET, available at http://www.thamenews.net/readmore.asp?Content_ID=3972 [viewed 22.12.08] Thomas, D., and Rigby, E., ‘Wind of change blows through retail parks’, Financial Times, 17 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c93c46ae-9c7a-11dd-a42e-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] Urry, M., ‘Kesa plunges on Comet warning’, Financial Times, 10 Sept 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ae1807ca-7f18-11dd-a3da-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] Unattributed, ‘ACS Calls for Political Action’, Association of Convenience Stores Website, INTERNET, available at http://www.acs.org.uk/en/Press_Office/details/index.cfm/obj_id/7082D32C-933E-4313-9CC47A5603AD2C50 [viewed 28.10.08] Unattributed, ‘UK retail’, Financial Times, 7th Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/1/d898f024-9447-11dd-953e-000077b07658.html [viewed 22.12.08] Wright, W., ‘Dear Chancellor:  £1 billion Small Business Survival Fund’, Federation of Small Businesses Website, INTERNET, available at http://www.fsb.org.uk/frontpage/assets/fsbadvert.pdf [viewed 21.11.08] Appendices. Appendix One. Cashflow forecast, Income.  ­Appendix Two Cashflow Forecast: Expenditure. Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total Stock 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 96,000 Accounting 500 500 1,000 Advertising 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 3,600 Bank Charges 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25